Dissipating heat has become the key to AI infrastructure! Its bet on dual-phase technology to challenge the liquid-cooled market blue sea

NVIDIA's new generation Blackwell architecture GPU has detonated the demand for liquid cooling and heat dissipation. This year at the Taipei International Computer Exhibition, liquid cooling and heat dissipation has become a future study. According to "Financial Information", direct cooling technology (DLC) has gradually become the mainstream, and the unsophisticated development trend has not stopped. What are the differences between these technologies? Where are the advantages and disadvantages of single and double phases? Worth in-depth discussion.

With the NVIDIAGB200 machine officially shipped this year, the new era of heat dissipation from air cooling to liquid cooling officially begins. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2026, computing and heat dissipation will each account for 40% of the total electricity used in data centers, so heat dissipation solutions have become the key link in AI basic construction.

It has been observed from this year's Taipei International Computer Exhibition that the ecological chain trend of liquid cooling and heat dissipation is complete and is heading towards a large-scale production stage. Research agency TrendForce predicts that the liquid-cooled heat-dissipation permeability of AI chips will increase significantly from 11% last year to 24%.

Heat dissipation has become a key to AI infrastructure

Now, the liquid-cooling and heat dissipation technology is mainly direct cooling technology; it is to place a water-cooling plate on the wafer, and then take the heat away through a manifold equipped with water. After the cold water turns into hot water, it will run to the sidecar or ice water tower equipped with fan to reduce the temperature, and then hand it to the coolant distributor device (CDU), and then perform the heat dissipation cycle. This circulation technology that uses liquid heat dissipation is called a single direct cooling technology.

But if the cold liquid is dissipating, it will vaporize into gas when it encounters heat, so it will quickly take away the heat energy and then re-turn to the liquid through the condenser equipment. This "liquid-to-gas" method is called dual-phase direct cooling technology, and the heat dissipation efficiency is higher through the conversion technology of gas and liquids.

"Financial Information" points out that the current deheating capacity of single direct cooling heat dissipation has reached kilowatts, which is equivalent to the power of a NVIDIA highest-level GPU, and has reduced the new power use efficiency (PUE value) in the data to around 1.2 to 1.3, which is in line with the requirements of various countries for power efficiency in data centers and is a mainstream technology.

Qiyang, a subsidiary of the Jiashida Group, decided to skip the single phase technology three years ago and directly lock the double phase, including double phase direct cooling and double phase immersion uncooling technology. Zeng Wenxing, president of the Gastra Intelligent Solutions Group and chairman of the board of directors of Qistra, said that we are directed by "future products" and aim to high-level customer production orders.

Its general manager Lin Zhang'an said that once the cold liquid contacts the surface of the object, it will boil quickly, and at the same time it will also carry away a large amount of heat energy, making it more efficient. The deheating capacity with dual-phase technology can be as high as 1,500 watts to 2,000 watts, with an efficiency increase of more than 50%, and can further reduce the PUE value to 1.02.

It is worth mentioning that the Sun has launched a new dual-phase direct cooling technology. Under the existing direct cooling architecture design, a micro mesh (micro net) double-sided cooling plate is placed on the wafer to increase the contact area between the wafer and the coolant.

Simply put, the Micro mesh developed by it is like a small precision net or microstructure, allowing the cold liquid to take away the heat more effectively and improve the heat dissipation efficiency. The effect of vaporization is placed in this double-sided cooling plate, using the cooling liquid at a boiling point of only 33 degrees, and after vaporizing, it goes to the condenser equipment to restore the state of cooling liquid.

Israeli new creation company Zutacore has also invested in dual-direct cooling technology. This year, it announced that it will cooperate with major factories such as Silk, Dunghai, and Renbao, and will inevitably verify it on the NVIDIA platform. This also shows that dual-phase direct cooling technology is beginning to sprout and become a brand new heat dissipation technology route.

As for immersion-free cooling technology, it is also divided into single and double phases, and is currently more popular with double phase technology. Taiwanese manufacturers including Gigabyte, Celsius, GROUP, Guangzhou, etc. have invested in dual-phase immersion and uncooled cooling technology. A more well-known case in the industry is that in 2022, Taiwan Power Corporation and Gigabyte cooperated with "Immersed Uncooled High-Efficiency Computer Room" and successfully operated at the 12B factory of the Grille Round.

Back to his sun's layout, Lin Zhang'an said that in the past three years, he has accumulated experience in cooling liquid circulation, design, recycling, etc., and the goal is to create a dual-phase immersion server. However, due to the lack of economic scale, the construction cost of dual-phase immersion and unsmooth cooling technology is still more than twice as expensive than the current single direct cooling type.

How can we kill the important ones if the sun does not compete with the mainstream specifications? First, lock a small number of customized markets, and then build a supply chain with partners. In October 2024, at the Super Computing exhibition in the United States, its dual-phase direct cooling system attracted a miner to come to the door for inquiries, and both parties began to conduct a concept verification (POC) project.

In addition, when it comes to energy efficiency, or corporate customers who are highly skeptical of ESG, this type of customer hopes to create an independent and closed new generation machine room, which is also the direction of their sunset. After all, if a large data center wants to introduce dual-phase immersion and undetached heat, it is not easy to completely change the design.

Supply chain cooperation, its sine and the Institute of Technology jointly develop evaporators and condensation mechanisms to accelerate heat transmission. In addition, Morikawa, Japan is responsible for providing gas recycling equipment. The coolant part, suppliers include Chemours, Japanese Daikin, French Inventec, China Yongtai, etc., all pass non-toxic environmental protection verification. The groove design, its sun is also designed and manufactured together with the gas.

Double-phase dispersion has been verified on the ultramicro platform

However, the industry still doubts that the server is "bubble" the coolant, which may lead to problems such as delayed and exhausted signals, insufficient stability, and difficult maintenance. Lin Zhangan admitted that there are indeed many challenges to overcome, but he put in a lot of effort.. For example, using the internal laboratory of the GSDA Group, the contaminated plastic parts, beams, etc. are soaked in the cold liquid for one year, and constantly observe every month to see if toxic substances are dissolved. Through such experiments, further optimize the dosage.

The tank design is facing the module design. During repair, just take out one of the units. The cooling liquid is completely dry within 15 minutes. Compared with the previous single-phase immersion and unused mineral oil, it is not only easy to repair, but also has higher signal transmission stability.

The newly launched dual-phase immersion and non-type heat dissipation system has been verified on the ultra-micro platform, and I hope to cooperate with more employees in the future. It is easy to see that the huge demand for heat dissipation is attracting more and more new friends to invest. Heat dissipation is no longer a supporting role, and how technology will continue to develop in the future is worthy of continuous observation.

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